STALLCUP ELECTRICAL EDUCATION

Generators, Transformers, and Motors

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2023 Generators, Transformers, and Motors
Publication Series

Stallcup's "Generators, Transformers, and Motors" publication stands as a definitive guide in the realm of electrical engineering, offering comprehensive insights into the design, operation, and maintenance of essential power components. Meticulously curated and updated to reflect the latest advancements and industry standards, this authoritative resource serves as an invaluable tool for engineers, electricians, and students alike.

Covering a wide range of topics including generator types and applications, transformer design and operation, motor characteristics, and maintenance practices, Stallcup's publication provides a deep dive into the fundamental principles and practical considerations necessary for ensuring efficient and reliable electrical power systems. Whether used as a reference for daily operations or as a study guide for professional development, Stallcup's "Generators, Transformers, and Motors" remains essential for those striving to excel in the dynamic field of electrical engineering and technology.

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All new 2023 publications have been upgraded with new graphics.

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The new graphics have been colored and are visually stunning.

Illustration Overload

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Publications and presentations

Instructors use both to help students retain the pertinent information being presented.

Engaging and effective presentations

New graphics and illustrations developed to capture the students attention and visually stunning.

Interactive presentations

Interactivity at the highest level. Quick access to chapters and topics.

2023 Generator Publication
Table of Contents - Extensive Coverage

Magnetism and Electromagnetism

Theory of Magnets
Magnetic Fields
Natural Magnets
Permanent Magnets
Electromagnets
Magnetic Field
Electromagnetics
Electromagnetic Induction
Generator Action

Generator Principles

Basic Operation of Generators
Basic Operation of Direct-Current (DC) Generators
Commutator
Armature Reaction
Generated Voltage
The Difference Between a Generator and Motor Typical Synchronous Generator
Generator Exciters
Typical Induction Generator
Types of Engines
Single-Phase Generators
Three-Phase Generators
Components of an AC Generator
Wye-Connected Systems
Delta-Connected Systems
Types of Rotors
Cooling Systems
Regulators
Manual Synchronization of Generators
Automatic Synchronization of Generators

Generators and the National Electrical Code

Location of Generators
Nameplate Markings
Overcurrent Protection for Generators
Ampacity of Conductors From Generators
Protection of Live Parts
Guards for Attendants
Bushings
Generator Terminal Housings
Disconnecting Means Required for Generators
Generators Supplying Multiple Loads
GFCI Protection for Receptacles on 15 kW or Smaller Portable Generators Portable Generators 15 kW or Less

Emergency System Generators

Generator Set
Purpose and Scope of Emergency Generators
Sizing Generators
Transfer Switch and Equipment
Wiring Identification
Wiring Systems
Feeder Wiring Protection
Feeder Circuit Equipment
Source Control Wiring
Coordination
Grounding

Legally Required and Optional Standby Generators

Legally Required Standby Systems
Purpose of Legally Required Standby System
Sizing Generators - Legally Required Standby Systems
Transfer Switches and Equipment - Legally Required Standby Systems Wiring Legally Required Standby Systems
Overcurrent Protection Devices - Accessibility
Grounding - Legally Required Standby Systems
Optional Standby Systems
Sizing Optional Standby Generators
Transfer Switches and Equipment - Optional Standby Systems
Wiring Optional Standby Systems
Portable Generator Grounding
Grounding of Permanently Installed Generators
Sign for Power Inlet

Generators Supplying Essential Loads for Hospitals

Life Safety Branch
Critical Branch
Equipment Branch
Transfer Switches
Optional Loads
Wiring Requirements Separation From Other Circuits
Isolation and Protection
Capacity of Systems
Sources of Power
Generator Grounding for 480 V to 1000 V systems
Generator Grounding of 1000 Volts or More
Separately Derived Systems
Permanently Installed Generators
Methods of Grounding
Solidly Grounded Generators
Resistance-Grounded Generators
Reactance-Grounded Generators
Portable Generators
Transfer Switch is not Provided

2023 Transformer Publication
Table of Contents - Extensive Coverage

Transformer Theory

Transformer principles
Windings
Single-phase output
Wye-connected secondaries
Delta-connected transformers
Balancing loads on transformer windings
Derating for high altitude

Installing Transformers

Marking
Guarding
Ventilation of Transformers
Accessibility of Transformers
Disconnecting Means
Dry-Type Transformers Installed Indoors
Dry-Type Transformers Installed Outdoors
Less-Flammable Liquid-Insulated Transformers
Non-Flammable Fluid-Insulated Transformers
Askarel-Insulated Transformers Installed Indoors
Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed Indoors
Oil-Insulated Transformers Installed Outdoors
Modification of Transformers

Transformer Vaults

Walls, Roofs, and Floors
Doorways
Ventilation Openings
Drainage
Water Pipes and Accessories
Storage in Vaults

Sizing Transformers and Connections

Sizing Wye-Connected Secondaries
Sizing Closed Delta-Connected Secondaries
Sizing Open Delta-Connected Secondaries
Sizing Autotransformers
Sizing Connections From the Secondary of Transformers
Supervised Industrial Installations - Feeder and Branch-Circuit Conductors

Protecting Transformers

Calculating Primary and Secondary Current
Finding Amperage
Calculating Fault Currents
Overcurrent Protection
Protecting Transformers
Overcurrent Protection - Primary Only Over 1000 Volts
Overcurrent Protection - Primary and Secondary Over 1000 Volts
Overcurrent Protection - Supervised Locations
Overcurrent Protection - Non-Supervised Locations
Overcurrent Protection - Primary Only 1000 Volts or Less
Overcurrent Protection - Primary 9 Amps or More
Overcurrent Protection - Primary 2 Amps or More But Less Then 9 Amps
Overcurrent Protection - Primary Less Than 2 Amps
Overcurrent Protection - Primary and Secondary 1000 Volts or Less
Calculating Overcurrent Protection Devices for Autotransformers Grounding Autotransformers

Secondary Ties

Tie Circuits
Radial Supply Systems
Loop Supply Systems
Bus-Tie Loops
Bus-Tie Conductors
Bus-Tie Protection
Network Power Systems

Windings and Components

Testing Windings
Testing for Polarity
Polarity Connections and Identifying Terminals
Testing Voltage of Windings
Identifying and Connecting Windings
Separately Derived AC Systems
Troubleshooting Transformer Windings

2023 Motor Publication
Table of Contents - Extensive Coverage

Motor Theory

Regular Magnets
Electromagnets
Basic Induction Motors
Field Poles
Designs of Motors
Motor Facts
Operating 230 V Motors on 208 V Supply Circuit
Measuring Operating Amps
Measuring Operating Voltage

Types of Motors

Single-Phase Motors
Split-Phase Motors
Capacitor-Start Motors
Capacitor Start-and-Run Motors
Permanent Split-Capacitor Motors
Shaded-Pole Motors
Universal Motors
Repulsion Motors
Three-Phase Motors Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors
Synchronous Motors
Wound Rotor Motors
NEMA Type Enclosures

Design Letters and Code Letters

Types of Motors
Calculating Torque
Code Letters

Starting Methods

Types of Starting Methods
Adjustable Frequency Drives
Eddy-Current Drives
Purpose of Clutch
Wye-Delta Starting Methods
Part-Winding Starting Methods Overcurrent Protection

Overcurrent Protection for Individual Motors

Short Circuit, Ground Fault, and Overload Protection
Sizing and Selecting Overcurrent Protection Devices
Obtaining FLC Ratings
FLC for Unlisted Motors
FLC Ratings Using Rule-of-Thumb Method
Sizing Maximum Overcurrent Protection Device
Sizing Overcurrent Protection Devices to Allow Motors to Start and Run
Motors Connected to Individual Branch Circuits
Automatic Restarting
Sizing an Overcurrent Protection Device for Two or More Motors Conductors With Ampacities Greater than Motor’s FLC
Future Additions
OLP for Motors

Overload Protection for Individual Motors

Minimum Size Overload Protection
Service Factor
Temperature Rise
Maximum Size Overload Protection
Single-Phasing
Shunting Overloads During Starting Period
Sizing Controllers
Sizing the Disconnecting Means to Disconnect Both the Controller and Motor
Location of the Disconnecting Means for theController and Motor

Motor Feeder and Branch Circuit Conductors

Sizing Conductors for Single Motors
Sizing Conductors for Single-Phase Motors
Sizing Conductors for Three-Phase Motors
Direct-Current Motor-Rectifier Supplied
Sizing Conductors for Multispeed Motors
Sizing Conductors for Wye-Start and Delta-Run Motors
Sizing Conductors for Part-Winding Motors
Sizing Conductors for Duty Cycle Motors
Sizing Conductors for Adjustable Speed Drive Systems
Wound Rotor Secondary
Sizing Conductors for Several Motors
Sizing Motors on a Feeder
Sizing Conductors for Motors and Other Loads
Feeder Demand Factors
DC Motors
Sizing Conductors for Capacitors
Motor Control Centers
Adjustable Speed Drive Systems
Phase Converters
Fire Pumps

Control Circuit Conductors and Components

Types of Control Circuits
Conductor Protection
Protection of Conductor from Physical Damage
Electrical Arrangement of Control Circuits
Disconnection of Control Circuit Conductors and Power Class 1 Circuits
Class 2 and 3 Circuits
Control Circuits in Raceways, Cables, and Enclosures
When to Derate the Ampacity
Motor Control Center Transformer

Connecting Controls for Operation

Magnetic Starters
Two-Wire Control Systems
Three-Wire Control Systems
Control Devices

Troubleshooting Motor Windings and Components

Troubleshooting Split-Phase Motors
Single-Phase, Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors
Single-Phase, Shaded-Pole Motors
Universal Motors
Single-Phase Repulsion Motors
Troubleshooting Three-Phase Induction Motors
Testing and Finding the Leads of Delta Motors
Troubleshooting Wound-Rotor Motors
Troubleshooting Synchronous Motors
Troubleshooting DC Motors
Troubleshooting Control Circuits
Testing Control Devices
Troubleshooting Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)
Troubleshooting Eddy-Current Drives
Troubleshooting the Windings of a Wye Motor for Grounds Troubleshooting the Windings of a Delta Motor for Grounds Troubleshooting Solid State Circuit Boards

Compressor Motors

Nameplate Listing
Marking on Hermetic Refrigerant Motor-Compressors and Equipment Markings on Controllers
Ampacity and Rating
Highest Rated (Largest) Motor
Single Machine
Disconnecting Means
Rating and Interrupting Capacity
Cord-Connected Equipment
Location
Application and Selection
Branch Circuit Conductors
Single Motor-Compressors
Two or More Motor Compressors
Combination Loads
Controllers for Motor-Compressors
Motor-Compressor and Branch-Circuit Overload Protection
Overload Relays
Room Air Conditioners
Troubleshooting a Compressor Motor
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